Carbon dioxide in atmosphere or air and its effects

 

Carbon dioxide is one of the many gaseous substances in the atmosphere.
It consists of a combination of carbon and two oxygen atoms and its molecular signal is CO2.

 

 Like nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless inert gas. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ranges from 0.036 to 0.040.

 

The amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is increasing day by day. One of the reasons for the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels.

Arbitrary use of fossil fuels releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

 

Besides fossil fuels, decomposition of carbonates and biological decay are the other source of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Notable among these fossil fuels are coal, mineral oil, wood etc.

 

But in various natural processes (ocean uptake, photosynthesis etc) this carbon dioxide is not being fully utilized. Because of global warming has reduced the absorption of carbon dioxide by sea water.

Again, CO2 plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis in plants to convert light energy into chemical energy. But the forest is constantly being destroyed day by day.

 

As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the plant for photosynthesis process is also decreasing. Consequently, the amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is increased.

 

Carbon dioxide in atmosphere increases both from natural sources as well as due to man-made causes.

 

The amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere increases due to various natural causes. Such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc.

The main source of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is various man-made causes. But the important thing is that all of these man-made causes are related to the combustion of fossil fuels in different sectors.

 

Many industrial factories have been set up in the developed countries of the world based on different needs.  

 

For example, in the industrial sector, especially as a result of cement production, large amounts of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere.

 

Similarly, metallurgical industry also produced large amounts of carbon dioxide during the production of metals and released into the atmosphere.

All of these industries use fossil fuels such as diesel, petrol, etc. to generate large amounts of carbon dioxide gas and enter the atmosphere.

Again, fossil fuels used in motor vehicles such as diesel, petrol, etc. also emit large amounts of carbon dioxide gas directly into the atmosphere in the form of smoke.

There are many other sources from which carbon dioxide is emitted and enters the atmosphere.

 

Such as, in case of extraction of mineral oil, from thermal power plant, MSW burning, domestic sources, hotel and restaurants etc.

 

Again, complete combustion of agricultural waste also causes huge amounts of carbon dioxide gas to enter the atmosphere in the form of smoke.

 

This huge amount of carbon dioxide has created a gaseous ring around the earth.

 

The countries responsible for this huge amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are the United States, China, India, Canada, Australia, Russia, etc.

The effects of carbon dioxide on environment

 

Generally CO2 gas is not considered as air pollutant. Because of its inert nature CO2 does not directly harm humans or animals.

 

But since CO2 does not help respiration, the environment with excess CO2 interferes with human breathing.

 

Again CO2 absorbs heat from the sun and keeps the earth's average temperature just right.

Because of excess CO2 prevents infrared rays with longer wavelengths from returning to space from the heated earth's surface. As a result, animals can survive on earth.

 

We know that the earth receives a lot of energy from the sun. About 66% of this energy is absorbed by the earth and the remaining 34% is reflected or scattered in space again.

 

The earth absorbs radiation in most visible regions and reflects or radiates radiation in the IR region.

 

CO2 transmits, that is, allows short wave radiations such as UV, visible radiations to pass but long waves, that is, prevents the passage of IR or heat radiation.

 

Since CO2 present in the atmosphere thus acts as a barrier against the flow of heat from the earth into the atmosphere.

Hence it has been found that with the doubling of the CO2 concentration, the temperature of the Earth's surface increases by about 1.9 C.

 

It has been found that the role of CO2 in greenhouse gases in increasing the average global temperature is 50%. Such an increase would have a significant impact on the world's climate.

This could lead to melting of glaciers, flooding of coastal planes, altering the biological activity of the oceans, and changing crop types.

 

In addition, an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface will cause more devastating cyclones such as super cyclones or tornadoes.

 

 Rising of temperatures of earth will increase the risk of destruction of forest by forest fires and hence ecosystem will also be damaged.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Read more: Various uses of carbon dioxide