Friday, September 6, 2019

Why the CO stretching frequency of metal complexes V(CO)6 -1, Cr(CO)6 and Mn(CO) 6 +1 are reduced from the expected value ?


Why the CO stretching frequency of metal complexes V(CO)-1, Cr(CO)6 and Mn(CO) 6 +1 are reduced from the expected value  ?

All the three given metal carbonyl  complexes are iso electronic and hexa coordinated . Thus iso electronic complexes forming metal species are V -1 , Cr0 and Mn +1 respectively .

Each complex is octahedral in shape and the ligand CO is a π-acid ligand.In each case there is bonding and back-bonding takes place between the metal and the ligand .


Since each complex species is a d 6- system ,therefore there is a possibility of formation of such Ï€-bonding with three CO groups  at a time in each case and by resonance each M-CO  bond occupy some multiple bond character .

By calculation it can be found that each M – C bond order 1.6  . During back-bonding the back-donated electron pairs from metal is taken up by C-atom of CO ligand in its vacant Ï€*orbital, as a result the bond order of CO molecule in the complex is reduced to some extent from the real value of 3 which is found in free CO molecules.
Thus stretching frequency  is reduced in complex from the value of 2143 cm -1 , which is necessary for free CO molecule.

The more the degree of back-bonding the more is the lowering in such frequency . In the complexes V(CO)6 -1, Cr(CO)6 and Mn(CO) 6 +1 the metal ions are are V -1 ,Cr0 and Mn +1 respectively .
Back bonding ability of metal ion depends on its oxidation state and it is clear that ability decreases in the order of V -1 > Cr0 > Mn +1.
For the above reason the CO stretching frequency  of metal complexes V(CO)6 -1, Cr(CO)6 and Mn(CO) 6 +1 are reduced  from  the expected value  .

Practice problem:

Why the CO stretching frequency  of metal complexes V(CO)6 -1, Cr(CO)6 and Mn(CO) 6 +1 are reduced  from  the expected value  ?
Why the CO stretching frequency  of metal complexes V(CO)6 -1 is less than expected value ? 
Why the CO stretching frequency  of metal complexes Cr(CO)6 is less than expected value ? 


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